Gambaran keseluruhan produk
Pam minyak anti letupan penyerap satu peringkat ISWB mendatar menghantar suara untuk menghasilkan pam minyak yang berkenaan berdasarkan ISW. Siri pam ini mempunyai prestasi yang baik, kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi, hayat yang panjang, struktur yang munasabah dan penampilan yang indah.
Ciri-ciri produk
Operasi lancar: konsentrasi mutlak poros pam dan keseimbangan kinetik yang sangat baik, memastikan operasi lancar dan tiada getaran.
Tetes air tidak bocor: meterai aloi keras bahan yang berbeza memastikan pengangkutan media yang berbeza tidak bocor.
Bunyi rendah: disokong oleh dua bantalan bunyi rendahPam airOperasi lancar, mengecualikan bunyi lemah motor, asasnya tiada bunyi.
Kadar kegagalan rendah: struktur mudah dan munasabah; Sokongan, masa kerja tanpa kegagalan keseluruhan mesin meningkat dengan ketara.
Pembaikan mudah: mengganti meterai, galas, mudah.
Penyimpanan kawasan: Eksport boleh ke kiri, kanan, ke atas tiga arah, mudah untuk pemasangan dan pemasangan paip, menjimatkan ruang.
3. kegunaan utama
ISWB pemam minyak anti letupan penyerap satu peringkat mendatar, untuk mengangkut petrol, kerosene, diesel dan produk minyak lain, suhu media yang diangkut adalah -20 ℃ ~ + 105 ℃.
4. makna model
Nombor Model |
aliran |
Yangtze |
Kuasa |
voltan |
||
m3/h |
m |
kw |
v |
|||
15-80 |
1.5 |
8 |
0.18-2 |
220 |
||
20-110 |
2.5 |
15 |
0.37-2 |
220/380 |
||
20-125 |
2.5 |
20 |
0.75-2 |
200/380 |
||
20-160 |
2.5 |
32 |
1.1-2 |
220/380 |
||
25-110 |
4 |
15 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
25-125 |
4 |
20 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
25-125A |
3.6 |
16 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
25-160 |
4 |
32 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
25-160A |
3.7 |
28 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
32-100 |
4.5 |
12.5 |
0.55-2 |
220/380 |
||
32-125 |
5 |
20 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
32-125A |
4.5 |
16 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
32-160 |
5 |
32 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
32-160A |
4.5 |
25 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
32-160(I) |
6.3 |
32 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
32-200 |
5 |
50 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
32-200A |
4.5 |
44 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
32-200B |
3.5 |
38 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
32-200(I) |
6.3 |
50 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
40-100 |
6.3 |
12.5 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
40-100A |
5.6 |
10 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
40-125 |
6.3 |
20 |
1.1-2 |
220/380 |
||
40-125A |
5.6 |
16 |
0.75-2 |
220/380 |
||
40-160 |
6.3 |
32 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
40-160A |
5.9 |
28 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-160B |
5.5 |
24 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
40-200 |
6.3 |
50 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
40-200A |
5.9 |
44 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
40-200B |
5.3 |
36 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
40-250 |
6.3 |
80 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-250A |
5.9 |
70 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-250B |
5.5 |
60 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
40-100(I) |
12.5 |
12.5 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
40-100(I)A |
11 |
10 |
0.75-2 |
380 |
||
40-125(I) |
12.5 |
20 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-125(I)A |
11 |
16 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
40-160(I) |
12.5 |
32 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
40-160(I)A |
11.7 |
28 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
40-160(I)B |
10.4 |
22 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-200(I) |
12.5 |
50 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-200(I)A |
11.7 |
44 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
40-200(I)B |
10.6 |
36 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
40-250(I) |
12.5 |
80 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
40-250(I)A |
11.6 |
70 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-250(I)B |
10.8 |
60 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
40-250 (I) C |
10 |
52 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-100 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
50-100A |
11 |
10 |
0.75-2 |
380 |
||
50-125 |
12.5 |
20 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-125A |
11 |
16 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
50-160 |
12.5 |
32 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
50-160A |
11.7 |
28 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
50-160B |
10.4 |
22 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-200 |
12.5 |
50 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-200A |
11.7 |
44 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
50-200B |
10.6 |
36 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
50-250 |
12.5 |
80 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
50-250A |
11.6 |
70 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-250B |
10.8 |
60 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-250C |
10 |
52 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-100(I) |
25 |
12.5 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-100(I)A |
22.3 |
10 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
50-125(I) |
25 |
20 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
50-125(I)A |
22.3 |
16 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
50-160(I) |
25 |
32 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
50-160(I)A |
23.4 |
28 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
50-160(I)B |
21.6 |
24 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
50-200(I) |
25 |
50 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-200(I)A |
23.5 |
44 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-200(I)B |
21.8 |
38 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
50-250(I) |
25 |
80 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
50-250(I)A |
23.4 |
70 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
50-250(I)B |
21.6 |
60 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-315(I) |
25 |
125 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
50-315(I)A |
23.7 |
113 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
50-315(I)B |
22.5 |
101 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
50-315(I)C |
20.6 |
85 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
65-100 |
25 |
12.5 |
1.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-100A |
22.3 |
10 |
1.1-2 |
380 |
||
65-125 |
25 |
20 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
65-125A |
22.3 |
16 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
65-160 |
25 |
32 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
65-160A |
23.4 |
28 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
65-160B |
21.6 |
24 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
65-200 |
25 |
50 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-200A |
23.5 |
44 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-200B |
21.8 |
38 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
65-250 |
25 |
80 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
65-250A |
23.4 |
70 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
65-250B |
21.6 |
60 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-315 |
25 |
125 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
65-315A |
23.7 |
113 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
65-315B |
22.5 |
101 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-315C |
20.6 |
85 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
65-100(I) |
50 |
12.5 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
65-100(I)A |
44.7 |
10 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
65-125(I) |
50 |
20 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-125(I)A |
45 |
16 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
65-160(I) |
50 |
32 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-160(I)A |
46.7 |
28 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-160(I)B |
43.3 |
24 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
65-200(I) |
50 |
50 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
65-200(I)A |
47 |
44 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
65-200(I)B |
43.5 |
38 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-250(I) |
50 |
80 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
65-250(I)A |
46.7 |
70 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
65-250(I)B |
43.3 |
60 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
65-315(I) |
50 |
125 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
65-315(I)A |
46.5 |
110 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
65-315(I)B |
44.5 |
100 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
65-315(I)C |
41 |
85 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
80-100 |
50 |
12.5 |
3-2 |
380 |
||
80-100A |
44.7 |
10 |
2.2-2 |
380 |
||
80-125 |
50 |
20 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-125A |
45 |
16 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
80-160 |
50 |
32 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-160A |
46.7 |
28 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-160B |
43.3 |
24 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
80-200 |
50 |
50 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
80-200A |
47 |
44 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
80-200B |
43.5 |
38 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-250 |
50 |
80 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
80-250A |
46.7 |
70 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-250B |
43.3 |
60 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
80-315 |
50 |
125 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
80-315A |
46.5 |
110 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
80-315B |
44.5 |
100 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
80-315C |
41 |
85 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
80-100(I) |
100 |
12.5 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-100(I)A |
89 |
10 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
80-125(I) |
100 |
20 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
80-125(I)A |
89 |
16 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-160(I) |
100 |
32 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
80-160(I)A |
93.5 |
28 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
80-160(I)B |
86.6 |
24 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-200(I) |
100 |
50 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
80-200(I)A |
93.5 |
44 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
80-200(I)B |
87 |
38 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
80-200(I) |
100 |
50 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
80-250(I) |
100 |
80 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
80-250(I)A |
93.5 |
70 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
80-250(I)B |
87 |
60 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
80-315(I) |
100 |
125 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
80-315(I)A |
95 |
113 |
55-2 |
380 |
||
80-315(I)B |
90 |
101 |
45-2 |
380 |
||
80-315(I)C |
82 |
85 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
100-100 |
100 |
12.5 |
5.5-2 |
380 |
||
100-100A |
89 |
10 |
4-2 |
380 |
||
100-125 |
100 |
20 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
100-125A |
89 |
16 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
100-160 |
100 |
32 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
100-160A |
93.5 |
28 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
100-160B |
86.6 |
24 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
100-200 |
100 |
50 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
100-200A |
93.5 |
44 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
100-200B |
87 |
38 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
100-250 |
100 |
80 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
100-250A |
93.5 |
70 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
100-250B |
87 |
60 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
100-315 |
100 |
125 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
100-315A |
95 |
113 |
55-2 |
380 |
||
100-315B |
90 |
101 |
45-2 |
380 |
||
100-315C |
82 |
85 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
100-100(I) |
160 |
12.5 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
100-125(I) |
160 |
20 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
100-125(I)A |
140 |
17 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
100-160(I) |
160 |
32 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
100-160(I)A |
140 |
28 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
100-200(I) |
160 |
50 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
100-200(I)A |
140 |
45 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
100-200(I)B |
100 |
40 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
100-250(I) |
160 |
80 |
55-2 |
380 |
||
100-250(I)A |
140 |
72 |
45-2 |
380 |
||
100-250(I)B |
100 |
65 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
100-315(I) |
160 |
125 |
90-2 |
380 |
||
100-315(I)A |
140 |
110 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
100-315(I)B |
100 |
100 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
125-100 |
160 |
12.5 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
125-100A |
143 |
10 |
7.5-2 |
380 |
||
125-125 |
160 |
20 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
125-125A |
143 |
16 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
125-160 |
160 |
32 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
125-160A |
150 |
28 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
125-160B |
138 |
24 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
125-200 |
160 |
50 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
125-200A |
150 |
44 |
30-2 |
380 |
||
125-200B |
138 |
37.5 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
125-250 |
160 |
80 |
55-2 |
380 |
||
125-250A |
150 |
70 |
45-2 |
380 |
||
125-250B |
138 |
60 |
37-2 |
380 |
||
125-315 |
160 |
125 |
90-2 |
380 |
||
125-315A |
150 |
110 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
125-315B |
143 |
100 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
125-315C |
134 |
88 |
55-2 |
380 |
||
150-125 |
160 |
20 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
150-125A |
150 |
16 |
11-2 |
380 |
||
150-160 |
160 |
32 |
22-2 |
380 |
||
150-160A |
150 |
28 |
18.5-2 |
380 |
||
150-160B |
140 |
24 |
15-2 |
380 |
||
150-200 |
200 |
12.5 |
15-4 |
380 |
||
150-200A |
179 |
10 |
11-4 |
380 |
||
150-200B |
160 |
8 |
7.5-4 |
380 |
||
150-250 |
200 |
20 |
18.5-4 |
380 |
||
150-250A |
184.4 |
17 |
15-4 |
380 |
||
150-250B |
167 |
14 |
11-4 |
380 |
||
150-315 |
200 |
32 |
30-4 |
380 |
||
150-315A |
187 |
28 |
22-4 |
380 |
||
150-315B |
173 |
24 |
18.5-4 |
380 |
||
150-400 |
200 |
50 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
150-400A |
187 |
44 |
37-4 |
380 |
||
150-400B |
174 |
38 |
30-4 |
380 |
||
150-400C |
160 |
32 |
22-4 |
380 |
||
150-500 |
200 |
80 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
150-500A |
182 |
70.5 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
150-500B |
166 |
62 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
150-250(I) |
200 |
80 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
150-250(I)A |
187 |
70 |
55-2 |
380 |
||
150-250(I)B |
173 |
60 |
45-2 |
380 |
||
150-315(I) |
200 |
125 |
110-2 |
380 |
||
150-315(I)A |
187 |
110 |
90-2 |
380 |
||
150-315(I)B |
173 |
95 |
75-2 |
380 |
||
200-200 |
200 |
12.5 |
15-4 |
380 |
||
200-200A |
179 |
10 |
11-4 |
380 |
||
200-250 |
200 |
20 |
18.5-4 |
380 |
||
200-250A |
184.4 |
17 |
15-4 |
380 |
||
200-250B |
167 |
14 |
11-4 |
380 |
||
200-315 |
200 |
32 |
30-4 |
380 |
||
200-315A |
189 |
28 |
22-4 |
380 |
||
200-315B |
173 |
24 |
18.5-4 |
380 |
||
200-400 |
200 |
50 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
200-400A |
187 |
44 |
37-4 |
380 |
||
200-400B |
174 |
38 |
30-4 |
380 |
||
200-400C |
160 |
32 |
22-4 |
380 |
||
200-500 |
200 |
80 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
200-500A |
182 |
70.5 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
200-500B |
166 |
62 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
200-200(I ) |
400 |
12.5 |
22-4 |
380 |
||
200-200(I )A |
358 |
10 |
18.5-4 |
380 |
||
200-250(I ) |
400 |
20 |
30-4 |
380 |
||
200-250(I )A |
358 |
16 |
22-4 |
380 |
||
200-250(I )B |
322 |
13 |
18.5-4 |
380 |
||
200-315(I ) |
400 |
32 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
200-315(I )A |
374 |
28 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
200-315(I )B |
346 |
24 |
37-4 |
380 |
||
200-400(I) |
400 |
50 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
200-400(I)A |
374 |
44 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
200-400(I)B |
346 |
38 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
200-400(I)C |
320 |
32 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
200-500(I) |
400 |
80 |
132-4 |
380 |
||
200-500(I)A |
374 |
70 |
110-4 |
380 |
||
200-500(I)B |
346 |
60 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
200-500(I)C |
320 |
50 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
250-250 |
550 |
20 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
250-250A |
500 |
17 |
37-4 |
380 |
||
250-315 |
550 |
32 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
250-315A |
500 |
28 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
250-315B |
450 |
24 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
250-400 |
550 |
50 |
110-4 |
380 |
||
250-400A |
500 |
44 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
250-400B |
460 |
38 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
250-400C |
429 |
31 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
250-500 |
550 |
80 |
185-4 |
380 |
||
250-500A |
510 |
70 |
160-4 |
380 |
||
250-500B |
470 |
60 |
132-4 |
380 |
||
250-500C |
430 |
50 |
110-4 |
380 |
||
300-250 |
720 |
20 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
300-250A |
700 |
17 |
45-4 |
380 |
||
300-250B |
600 |
12.5 |
37-4 |
380 |
||
300-315 |
720 |
32 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
300-315A |
637 |
28 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
300-315B |
563 |
24 |
55-4 |
380 |
||
300-400 |
720 |
50 |
132-4 |
380 |
||
300-400A |
662 |
44 |
110-4 |
380 |
||
300-400B |
609 |
38 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
300-400C |
536 |
31 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
300-500 |
720 |
80 |
250-4 |
380 |
||
300-500A |
675 |
70 |
200-4 |
380 |
||
300-500B |
625 |
60 |
160-4 |
380 |
||
300-500C |
570 |
50 |
110-4 |
380 |
||
350-250 |
1200 |
20 |
90-4 |
380 |
||
350-250A |
1080 |
16 |
75-4 |
380 |
||
350-315 |
1200 |
32 |
160-4 |
380 |
||
350-315A |
1120 |
28 |
132-4 |
380 |
||
350-315B |
1040 |
24 |
110-4 |
380 |
||
350-400 |
1200 |
50 |
250-4 |
380 |
||
350-400A |
1120 |
44 |
220-4 |
380 |
||
350-400B |
1040 |
38 |
200-4 |
380 |
||
350-400C |
905 |
31 |
160-4 |
380 |
Parameter teknikal
aliran; 1.1-108m3/h
Tingkat: 7-133m
Kelajuan putaran: 970-2900r / min
Syarat kerja
Tekanan menghirup ≤1.0mpa, atau tekanan kerja sistem pam maksimum ≤1.6mpa, iaitu tekanan masuk pam + pam angkat ≤1.6mpa, tekanan ujian tekanan statik pam adalah 2.5mpa, sila tunjukkan tekanan kerja sistem apabila pesanan. Apabila tekanan kerja sistem pam lebih besar daripada 1.6mpa harus dikemukakan secara berasingan apabila pesanan. Untuk bahagian aliran dan bahagian sambungan pam menggunakan bahan keluli tuang semasa pembuatan.
Suhu persekitaran <40 ℃, kelembapan relatif <95%.
Kandungan jumlah zarah dalam media yang dihantar tidak melebihi 0.1% jumlah unit, saiz zarah <0.2mm.
Perhatian: Jika medium yang digunakan adalah dengan partikel kecil, sila tunjukkan apabila memerintahkan supaya penghasil boleh menggunakan segel mekanik yang tidak berpakaian.
Persiapan sebelum permulaan
1. Uji sama ada putaran motor betul. Apabila melihat pam dari atas motor, ia patut putar arah jam. Masa ujian patut pendek untuk menghindari pakaian kering segel mekanik.
2. Buka valv exhaust untuk mengisi seluruh tubuh pompa dengan cair, dan kemudian tutup valv exhaust apabila ia penuh.
3. Periksa jika semua bahagian normal.
4. Putar pam secara manual untuk membenarkan lubrikan memasuki wajah akhir segel mekanik.
5. Jenis suhu tinggi mesti dihanaskan dahulu, dengan kadar pemanasan 50 [UNK]/jam untuk memastikan pemanasan seragam semua bahagian.
mula:
1. Buka lubang masuk penuh.
2. Tutup valv paip pembuangan.
3. Nyalakan motor dan perhatikan jika pompa berjalan dengan betul.
4. Laras pembukaan valv keluar kepada keadaan operasi yang diinginkan. Jika pengguna mempunyai meter aliran atau ukur tekanan dipasang di luar pam, pam patut beroperasi pada titik bernilai yang terdaftar dalam jadual parameter prestasi dengan melaraskan pembukaan valv keluar. Jika pengguna mempunyai meter aliran atau ukur tekanan dipasang di luar pam, arus motor pam patut diukur dengan melaraskan pembukaan valv keluar untuk beroperasi dalam arus bernilai. Jika tidak, i a akan menyebabkan pam beroperasi pada muatan berlebihan (iaitu operasi semasa tinggi) dan menyebabkan motor membakar keluar. Saiz pembukaan valv keluar yang disesuaikan dengan betul berkaitan dengan keadaan kerja saluran paip.
5. Periksa kebocoran segel peluru. Biasanya, kebocoran segel mekanik sepatutnya kurang dari 3 titik per minit.
6. Periksa jika suhu meningkat pada motor dan bearings adalah ≤ 70.
parkir:
1. Jenis suhu tinggi mesti dahulu sejuk, dengan kadar sejuk kurang dari 10 [UNK]/minit, dan kemudian menurunkan suhu ke bawah 80 [UNK] sebelum parkir.
2. Tutup valv paip pembuangan.
Hentikan motor.
Tutup valv masuk.
5. Jika parkir untuk masa yang panjang, cairan dalam pam perlu dihapuskan sepenuhnya.